1.工厂方法
demo.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
| function createPerson(name, age) { var person = new Object(); person.name = name; person.age = age;
person.sayHi = function() { return "name: " + this.name + " age: " + this.age; };
return person;
}
|
优点:创建相同实例只有一处代码。
缺点:不知道对象原型。
test.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| var person1 = createPerson("zhang", 20); var person2 = createPerson("li", 30);
console.log(person1.sayHi()); console.log(person2.sayHi());
console.log(person1 instanceof Person); console.log(person2 instanceof Person);
|
2.构造函数
demo.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
| function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age;
this.sayHi = function() { return "name: " + this.name + " age:" + this.age; };
}
|
优点:可以知道实例原型。
缺点:方法不是同一个方法实例。
test.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| var person1 = new Person("zhang", 20); var person2 = new Person("li", 30);
console.log(person1.sayHi()); console.log(person2.sayHi());
console.log(person1 instanceof Person); console.log(person2 instanceof Person);
console.log(person1.sayHi == person2.sayHi);
|
3.原型方法
demo.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7
| function Person() {}
Person.prototype.name = "zhang"; Person.prototype.age = 20; Person.prototype.sayHi = function() { return "name: " + this.name + " age: " + this.age; };
|
优点:共享方法实例对象。
缺点:每个实例需要定义非方法属性。
test.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
| var person1 = new Person(); var person2 = new Person();
person2.name = "li"; person2.age = 30;
console.log(person1.sayHi()); console.log(person2.sayHi());
console.log(person1 instanceof Person); console.log(person2 instanceof Person);
console.log(person1.sayHi == person2.sayHi);
|
4.构造函数和原型的组合方法
demo.js1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
| function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; }
Person.prototype.sayHi = function() { return "name: " + this.name + " age: " + this.age; };
|
优点:非方法属性在构造函数中定义,方法属性则在原型中定义。
总结:最后一种方法是比较好的创建对象的方式,综合了前面 3 种方式的优点。每个实例对象都有自己实例属性的一份副本,但同时共享着方法的引用,最大限度节省了内存。